What are the specific components of a machine tool fixture?
Release date:
2021-11-08
(1) Locating Elements These elements come into contact with the workpiece’s locating datum and are used to establish the correct position of the workpiece within the fixture, thereby ensuring the proper relative positioning between the workpiece, the cutting tool, and the machine tool during machining. For example, the locating pin 6 shown in Figure 6-1. (2) Clamping Device This device is used to secure the workpiece, maintaining its predetermined position within the fixture during cutting operations. Examples include nut 5 and split washer 4 shown in Figure 6-1. nextpage (3) Tool Setting and Guiding Elements or Devices These components ensure the correct spatial relationship between the workpiece and the cutting tool. Elements that determine the precise position of the tool prior to machining are called tool-setting elements, such as a tool-setting block. Elements that both locate the tool and guide it during machining are referred to as guiding elements, such as the quick-change drill sleeve shown in Figure 6-1. (4) Connecting Elements These components link the fixture to the machine tool, ensuring the proper mutual positional relationship between them. (5) Fixture Body The fixture body serves as the foundational component that connects and secures all other elements and devices of the fixture, integrating them into a unified whole. It interfaces with relevant parts of the machine tool, establishing a defined position of the fixture relative to the machine. An example is the fixture body 7 shown in Figure 6-1. (6) Other Elements and Devices Depending on the specific machining requirements of the workpiece, some fixtures may incorporate indexing mechanisms, while milling‑machine fixtures might also feature locating keys, among other specialized components. Not every machine‑tool fixture requires all of these components; however, every fixture must include locating elements and clamping devices, which are essential for ensuring machining accuracy by firmly securing and precisely positioning the workpiece.
(1) Locating element
It contacts the workpiece’s locating datum and is used to establish the correct position of the workpiece within the fixture, thereby ensuring the proper relative positioning of the workpiece with respect to the cutting tool and the machine tool’s machining motions during operation. For example, the locating pin 6 shown in Figure 6-1.
(2) Clamping device
It is used to clamp the workpiece, ensuring that the workpiece remains in a fixed position within the fixture during machining. As shown in Figure 6-1, this includes nut 5 and split washer 4. nextpage
(3) Tool-setting, guiding elements, or devices
These components serve to ensure the correct relative positioning between the workpiece and the cutting tool. Components used to establish the tool’s proper position prior to machining are referred to as locating elements, such as locating blocks. Components that both position the tool and guide it during machining are called guiding elements, such as the quick-change drill bushing shown in Figure 6-1.
(4) Connecting Component
The component that connects the fixture to the machine tool ensures the relative positional relationship between the machine tool and the fixture.
(5) Clamping body
It serves as a foundational component used to connect or secure the various elements and devices of the fixture, integrating them into a unified whole. It is also connected to and aligned with relevant machine‑tool components, thereby establishing a defined position of the fixture relative to the machine tool. For example, in Figure 6‑1, this is the fixture body 7.
(6) Other components and devices
Some fixtures, depending on the workpiece’s machining requirements, must be equipped with indexing mechanisms; milling machine fixtures also require locating keys, among other features.
The components listed above are not all indispensable for every machine tool fixture; however, every fixture must include locating elements and a clamping mechanism, which are essential for ensuring machining accuracy by securely positioning and firmly holding the workpiece.
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