The following section discusses the materials and manufacturing processes of CNC machining tools.
Release date:
2022-07-04
The following section discusses the materials and manufacturing processes of CNC machining tools. Furthermore, the manufacturability of cutting tool materials significantly affects both the quality of the tools themselves and the precision of their edge‑grinding. Therefore, CNC machining tool materials must possess the following characteristics.
The following section discusses the materials and manufacturing processes of CNC machining tools.
What are the tool materials used in CNC machining?
During metal cutting, the material of the tool’s cutting edge is subjected to high pressures, elevated temperatures, and intense friction, all of which contribute to tool wear. The tool’s service life and production efficiency depend on whether the tool material possesses appropriate cutting performance. Moreover, the manufacturability of cutting‑tool materials significantly affects both the quality of the finished tools and the precision of their edge‑grinding. Consequently, CNC machining tool materials must exhibit the following characteristics:
(1) High wear resistance generally depends on hardness: the higher the material’s hardness, the better its wear resistance. Moreover, a greater number of carbide particles with excellent wear resistance, combined with finer grain size and more uniform distribution, further enhance wear resistance.
(2) For cutting materials with high hardness, the tool’s hardness must exceed that of the workpiece material; at room temperature, the tool hardness should be greater than 60 HRC.
(3) High heat resistance: Heat resistance refers to the ability of a cutting tool to maintain its room-temperature hardness when machining certain materials at elevated temperatures, and it can be expressed as hot hardness or high-temperature hardness.
(4) Good machinability to facilitate manufacturing; cutting tools should exhibit excellent properties in forging, welding, heat treatment, and grinding, while also striving to meet the requirements of abundant availability and low cost.
(5) Sufficient strength and toughness: Materials subjected to cutting by the tool experience various stresses and impacts; therefore, the tool must possess adequate strength and toughness to prevent chipping and fracture. These properties are typically characterized by the material’s flexural strength and impact toughness.
Issues That Should Not Be Considered in the CNC Machining Process for Conventional Machine Tools
Advantages of high-precision CNC machining: It significantly reduces the total number of tooling fixtures and eliminates the need for complex tooling when producing intricate parts. To modify a part’s shape or specifications, only the machining program needs to be updated, making it well-suited for new product development and design changes. Machining quality is consistent, with high precision and excellent repeatability, seamlessly integrated into four-axis machining processes.
Under conditions of multi‑variety, small‑batch production, it delivers high operational efficiency, reducing the time required for shop‑floor management, CNC lathe setup, and process‑flow verification. By employing Z‑best drilling parameters, it shortens drilling cycles and enables the machining of complex curved surfaces that are difficult to handle with conventional methods, even reaching areas that are otherwise inaccessible.
The work steps are arranged in greater detail, as aspects that do not need to be considered in conventional machine‑tool machining—such as process layout, tool‑setting points, tool‑change points, and the determination of the machining path—are all addressed during the preparation phase. However, these factors remain indispensable during actual machining. CNC machining offers high productivity, superior dimensional accuracy, reduced labor intensity, and strong adaptability to a wide variety of workpieces.
Aluminum alloys are metallic alloys obtained by adding other metal elements—such as silicon, iron, copper, and magnesium—to aluminum. These alloyed aluminum materials exhibit low density, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. For mold components with stringent precision requirements, it is difficult to achieve the necessary machining accuracy using conventional machine tools alone; therefore, specialized machine tools are required for their fabrication.
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